Patient-specific glenoid depth control

ABSTRACT

A system for reaming a bone including a guiding wire configured to be attached to the bone; a tubular depth guide configured to cover at least a portion of the guiding wire, the tubular depth guide including a first end configured to abut the bone, and a second end opposite the first end; a reaming device including an elongate recess therein that extends between a reaming tool of the reaming device and an interior of a handle of the reaming device, wherein the elongate recess is configured to receive each of the guiding wire and depth guide therein, the elongate recess includes a reduced diameter section that defines a shoulder, and the shoulder is designed to abut the second end of the tubular depth guide to control a depth to which the bone is reamed.

INTRODUCTION

In shoulder arthroplasty various guides and instruments are used to determine an alignment axis and guide an implant for anatomic or reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The present teachings provide various patient-specific and other instruments for use in shoulder arthroplasty.

SUMMARY

The present teachings provide various patient-specific instruments for anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Specifically, the present teachings provide a system for reaming a bone including a guiding wire configured to be attached to the bone; a tubular depth guide configured to cover at least a portion of the guiding wire, the tubular depth guide including a first end configured to abut the bone, and a second end opposite the first end; a reaming device including an elongate recess therein that extends between a reaming tool of the reaming device and an interior of a handle of the reaming device, wherein the elongate recess is configured to receive each of the guiding wire and depth guide therein, the elongate recess includes a reduced diameter section that defines a shoulder, and the shoulder is designed to abut the second end of the tubular depth guide to control a depth to which the bone is reamed.

The present teachings also provide a method for reaming a bone that includes attaching a guiding wire to the bone; covering at least a portion of the guiding wire with a tubular depth guide, the tubular depth guide including a first end configured to abut the bone, and a second end opposite the first end; reaming the bone with a reaming device, the reaming device including an elongate recess therein that extends between a reaming tool of the reaming device and an interior of a handle of the reaming device, wherein the elongate recess is configured to receive each of the guiding wire and depth guide therein, the elongate recess includes a reduced diameter section that defines a shoulder, and the shoulder is designed to abut the second end of the tubular depth guide to control a depth to which the bone is reamed.

Further areas of applicability of the present teachings will become apparent from the description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present teachings will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a prior art implant for reverse shoulder arthroplasty;

FIG. 2 is an environmental view of the prior art implant of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3A is an environmental view illustrating a guiding pin used during reaming in reverse shoulder arthroplasty;

FIG. 3B is an environmental view illustrating a guiding pin after reaming in reverse shoulder arthroplasty;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a prior art implant for anatomic shoulder arthroplasty;

FIG. 5 is perspective bottom view of a patient-specific glenoid guide for reverse and anatomic shoulder arthroplasty according to the present teachings;

FIG. 6 is perspective view of a glenoid including a guiding pin and a depth guide used during reaming of the glenoid;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the depth guide illustrated in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is cross-sectional view of a reamer during reaming of the glenoid with the guiding pin and depth guide illustrated in FIG. 6 received therein; and

FIG. 8A is a close-up of FIG. 8 illustrating a portion of the reamer with the guiding pin and depth guide received therein.

Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the present teachings, applications, or uses.

The present teachings generally provide patient-specific surgical instruments that include, for example, alignment guides, drill guides, and other tools for use in shoulder joint replacement, shoulder resurfacing procedures and other procedures related to the shoulder joint or the various bones of the shoulder joint, including the glenoid face or cavity of the scapula, the humeral head and adjacent shoulder bones. The present teachings can be applied to anatomic shoulder replacement and reverse shoulder replacement. The patient-specific instruments can be used either with conventional implant components or with patient-specific implant components and/or bone grafts that are prepared using computer-assisted image methods according to the present teachings. Computer modeling for obtaining three-dimensional images of the patient's anatomy using medical scans of the patient's anatomy (such as MRI, CT, ultrasound, X-rays, PET, etc.), the patient-specific prosthesis components and the patient-specific guides, templates and other instruments, can be prepared using various commercially available CAD programs and/or software available, for example, by Object Research Systems or ORS, Montreal, Canada.

The patient-specific instruments and any associated patient-specific implants and bone grafts can be generally designed and manufactured based on computer modeling of the patient's 3-D anatomic image generated from medical image scans including, for example, X-rays, MRI, CT, PET, ultrasound or other medical scans. The patient-specific instruments can have a three-dimensional engagement surface that is complementary and made to substantially mate and match in only one position (i.e., as a substantially negative or mirror or inverse surface) with a three-dimensional bone surface with or without associated soft tissues, which is reconstructed as a 3-D image via the aforementioned CAD or software. Very small irregularities need not be incorporated in the three-dimensional engagement surface. The patient-specific instruments can include custom-made guiding formations, such as, for example, guiding bores or cannulated guiding posts or cannulated guiding extensions or receptacles that can be used for supporting or guiding other instruments, such as drill guides, reamers, cutters, cutting guides and cutting blocks or for inserting guiding pins, K-wire, or other fasteners according to a surgeon-approved pre-operative plan.

In various embodiments, the patient-specific instruments of the present teachings can also include one or more patient-specific tubular guides for receiving and guiding a tool, such as a drill or pin or guide wire at corresponding patient-specific insertion points and orientations relative to a selected anatomic or reverse axis for the specific patient. The patient-specific instruments can include guiding or orientation formations and features for guiding the implantation of patient-specific or off-the-shelf implants associated with the surgical procedure. The geometry, shape and orientation of the various features of the patient-specific instruments, as well as various patient-specific implants and bone grafts, if used, can be determined during the pre-operative planning stage of the procedure in connection with the computer-assisted modeling of the patient's anatomy. During the pre-operative planning stage, patient-specific instruments, custom, semi-custom or non-custom implants and other non-custom tools, can be selected and the patient-specific components can be manufactured for a specific-patient with input from a surgeon or other professional associated with the surgical procedure.

Referring to FIGS. 1-2, a prior art reverse shoulder implant 10 is illustrated. The reverse shoulder implant 10 includes a humeral stem 12, a humeral tray 14, a humeral bearing 16, a glenosphere 18 and a baseplate 20 having a plate portion 22 and a central boss 24. The humeral stem 12 is implanted in the humeral bone 26 and has a proximal end 28 coupled via a Morse taper connection to a male taper 30 extending from a plate 32 of the humeral tray 14. The glenosphere 18 can be modular and include a head 34 articulating with the bearing 16 and an offset double-taper component 36. The double-taper component 36 has a first tapered portion 38 coupled to a corresponding tapered opening 40 of the head 34 and a second tapered portion 42 coupled to the central boss 24 of the glenoid baseplate 20. A central screw 44 passes through the baseplate 20 into the glenoid face 46 of the patient's scapula. Peripheral screws 48 are used to lock the baseplate 20 in the glenoid face 46.

FIG. 3A illustrates using a guiding pin 50 to guide reaming of the glenoid face 46 in reverse shoulder arthroplasty using a reaming device 52. FIG. 3B illustrates the guiding pin 50 through a hole 54 drilled through the glenoid face 46. The guiding pin 50 is used to guide placement of a reverse or anatomic implant, as discussed below.

Referring to FIG. 4, a prior art anatomic shoulder implant 56 is illustrated. The anatomic shoulder implant 56 includes a humeral stem 58, a glenosphere 60 and a bearing 62 with peripheral pegs 64 and a removable or non-removable central peg 66.

Referring to FIG. 5, an exemplary patient-specific glenoid guide 68 is illustrated. Patient-specific guide 68 and operation thereof is fully described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/653,868 filed Oct. 17, 2012, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The patient-specific glenoid guide 68 is configured to guide a guiding pin (such as the guiding pin 50 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B) and provide an implant alignment orientation for reverse as well as anatomic shoulder arthroplasty at the surgeon's discretion.

The glenoid guide 68 has an upper (or outer) surface 70 and a lower (or inner) or anatomy-engaging and patient-specific surface 72 that references (substantially as a negative or inverse or mirror) the glenoid face 46 and may include all or a portion of the labrum, i.e., the peripheral cartilaginous structure that encircles and deepens the glenoid face 46. Alternatively, the labrum can be completely removed such that the patient-specific glenoid surface 72 references and mirrors only the bone surface of the glenoid cavity or glenoid face 46. Optionally, the glenoid guide 68 can include a peripheral portion or peripheral lip 74 with a corresponding patient-specific peripheral surface 76 that engages a corresponding peripheral surface or glenoid rim around the scapula of the patient. A first (or anatomic) elongated tubular drill guide 78 can extend from the upper surface 70 of the glenoid guide 68 at a specific location and along a first axis A that is determined and designed according to the pre-operative plan of the patient to define a patient-specific anatomic alignment axis and insertion point for a guiding pin 50.

A second (or reverse) elongated tubular drill guide 80 can extend from the upper surface 70 of the glenoid guide along a second axis B that is determined and designed according to the pre-operative plan of the patient to define a patient-specific reverse alignment axis and insertion point for a guiding pin 50. The reverse alignment axis B can have a predetermined inferior tilt relative to the anatomic alignment axis A, such as, for example, a ten-degree inferior tilt. The first and second drill guides 78, 80 define corresponding elongated bores for guiding a drill bit and/or inserting an alignment pin or guiding pin 50. Each drill guide 78, 80 can include elongated openings or viewing windows 82 therethrough. The anatomic drill guide 78 and the reverse drill guide 80 can include corresponding visual and/or tactile markings 84, 86 indicating their corresponding functions for easy identification and to avoid confusion. The markings can be, for example, elevated lettering using the words ANATOMIC for marking 84 and REVERSE for marking 86. Additionally, marking 88 can be provided with other patient-specific information, such as, for example, patient identification, procedure, etc.

Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 4, the glenoid guide 68 can be used for anatomic or reverse arthroplasty to drill a hole 54 into the glenoid face 46 through the anatomic or reverse drill guides 78, 80 and insert a guiding pin or other K-wire 50. The guiding pin 50 can be used to guide the predetermined alignment of the bearing 62 in the glenoid face 46 for implantation in anatomic arthroplasty. Alternatively, the guiding pin 50 can be used to guide the predetermined alignment of the baseplate 20 shown in FIG. 2 in the glenoid face 46 for implantation in reverse arthroplasty.

Once guiding pin 50 has been inserted into glenoid 46, reaming device 52 can be used to ream glenoid 46 to form hole 54 in the glenoid 46. It is important to control reaming depth so that bearing 62 or baseplate 20 can be properly fitted with hole 54. In addition, it is important to control reaming depth so that the bone can be preserved, and so that joint tension can be more accurately controlled. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a patient-specific depth guide 90 that prevents reaming device 52 from reaming glenoid 46 to too great a depth.

As best shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, depth guide 90 can be formed from a hollow tube 91 including a length L, a width W (outer diameter), and an inner diameter ID. Depth guide 90 can be formed from materials such as titanium, CoCr or steel. Alternatively, depth guide 90 can be formed from polymeric materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystryrene, nylon, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). Inner diameter ID is selected to receive guiding wire 50 snugly therein. Accordingly, after guiding pin 50 has been inserted into glenoid 46 and before reaming has begun, depth guide 90 can be placed over guiding wire 50 and moved to abut glenoid 46.

Depth guide 90 includes a first end 92 configured to abut glenoid 46, and a second end 94 configured to abut a surface within reamer 52. Depth guide 90 is preferably tubular or cylindrical in shape, but any shape may be used without departing from the scope of the present teachings so long as depth guide 90 may be received within reaming device 52. An outer surface 93 of depth guide 90 may be smooth, or may be formed to include apertures (not shown) that reduce the amount of material required to form depth guide 90.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 8A, it can be seen that reaming device 52 includes an elongate recess 96 that extends from reaming tool 97 into an interior of a handle 99 of reaming device 52. Elongate recess 96 is configured to receive guiding wire 50 and depth guide 90 therein. In addition, it can be seen that recess 96 includes a reduced diameter section 98 that defines a shoulder 100. Second end 94 of depth guide 90 abuts shoulder 100 during reaming of glenoid 46, and prevents reaming device 52 from reaming too great a depth into glenoid 46. Accordingly, depth guide 90 of the present teachings acts to provide a physical stop for glenoid reaming. More specifically, as reaming device 52 begins cutting into glenoid 46, second end 94 of depth guide 90 will be spaced apart from shoulder 100. Once reaming device 52 has cut to the patient-specific depth, however, second end 94 of depth guide 90 will abut shoulder 100 and prevent reaming device 52 from cutting any further.

Depth guide 90 can be patient-specific such that a depth of reaming can be determined preoperatively. In this regard, the length L of depth guide 90 can be determined preoperatively to control reaming depth. Because reaming device 52 includes shoulder 100, reamer 52 is made to reference the patient-specific depth guide 90 such that the cutting depth of the reaming device 52 is limited to the patient-specific depth for both anatomic and reverse glenoid reaming. It should be understood, however, that after the reaming depth has been reached and reaming device 52 is removed from guiding wire 50, the surgeon may inspect hole 54 formed by reaming device 52. If the surgeon determines that the patient-specific depth is not satisfactory, depth guide 90 may be removed from guiding wire 50. Reaming device 52 may then be aligned with guiding wire 50 without depth guide 90, and reaming restarted to the depth desired by the surgeon intraoperatively.

In another embodiment, a plurality of depth guides 90 having different lengths may be formed preoperatively. If during the course of reaming it is determined that a selected depth guide 90 prevents reaming to an adequate depth, the depth guide 90 may be removed and replaced by another depth guide having a shorter length. In this manner, the reaming depth can still be controlled to prevent over-reaming the glenoid 46.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for reaming a bone, comprising: a patient-specific guiding wire configured to be attached to the bone; a tubular depth guide configured to cover at least a portion of the patient-specific guiding wire, the tubular depth guide including a first end configured to abut the bone, and a second end opposite the first end; a reaming device including an elongate recess therein that extends between a reaming tool of the reaming device and an interior of a handle of the reaming device, wherein the elongate recess is configured to receive each of the guiding wire and depth guide therein, the elongate recess includes a reduced diameter section that defines a shoulder, and the shoulder is designed to abut the second end of the tubular depth guide to control a depth to which the bone is reamed.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a length of the tubular depth guide is patient-specific or corresponds to a specific reaming depth.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the tubular depth guide is formed from titanium, CoCr, or steel.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the tubular depth guide is formed from at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a guide member for aligning the guiding wire relative to the bone.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the guide member includes a patient-specific bone engagement surface.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the bone engagement surface is complementary to a surface of the bone to be reamed.
 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the guide member includes first guide and a second guide that are configured to align the guiding wire relative to the bone in a first orientation and a second orientation.
 9. A method for reaming a bone, comprising: attaching a guiding wire to the bone; covering at least a portion of the guiding wire with a tubular depth guide, the tubular depth guide including a first end configured to abut the bone, and a second end opposite the first end; reaming the bone with a reaming device, the reaming device including an elongate recess therein that extends between a reaming tool of the reaming device and an interior of a handle of the reaming device, wherein the elongate recess is configured to receive each of the guiding wire and depth guide therein, the elongate recess includes a reduced diameter section that defines a shoulder, and the shoulder is designed to abut the second end of the tubular depth guide to control a depth to which the bone is reamed.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a length of the tubular depth guide is patient-specific or corresponds to a specific reaming depth.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the tubular depth guide is formed from titanium, CoCr, or steel.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the tubular depth guide is formed from at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising placing a guide member relative to the bone before attaching the guiding wire to the bone, the guide member configured to align the guiding wire relative to the bone.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the guide member includes a patient-specific bone engagement surface.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the bone engagement surface is complementary to a surface of the bone to be reamed.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the guide member includes first guide and a second guide that are configured to align the guiding wire relative to the bone in a first orientation and a second orientation.
 17. A method for reaming a glenoid for an arthroplasty, comprising: positioning a patient-specific glenoid guide proximate the glenoid, the glenoid guide including a first primary drill guide extending along a first axis and a second primary drill guide extending along a second axis; selecting one of the first and second axes for orienting a guiding wire, and positioning a guiding wire in the glenoid that extends along the selected axis; positioning a tubular depth guide over the guiding wire such that a first end of the depth guide abuts the bone and the guiding wire extends outward from a second of the depth guide; positioning a reaming device over the guiding wire, and reaming the glenoid along the selected axis, wherein the reaming device includes an elongate recess therein that extends between a reaming tool of the reaming device and an interior of a handle of the reaming device, the elongate recess is configured to receive each of the guiding wire and depth guide therein, the elongate recess includes a reduced diameter section that defines a shoulder, and the shoulder is designed to abut the second end of the tubular depth guide to control a depth to which the bone is reamed.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a length of the tubular depth guide is patient-specific or corresponds to the depth to which the bone is reamed.
 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the glenoid guide includes a patient-specific bone engagement surface.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the bone engagement surface is complementary to the glenoid. 